Publications
Electricity
CEER paper on Electricity “Smart Grid” Performance Indicators
CEER's paper ‘Electricity “Smart Grid” Performance Indicators’, provides National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) with a structured framework and a limited set of output indicators to support th...
CEER Work Programme 2026
The 2026 Work Programme outlines the priorities and key regulatory actions of the CEER for the year ahead. It is aligned with CEER’s Strategy for 2026-2029 “Ensuring regulatory stability and citiz...
Cross Sectoral
CEER Strategy 2026-2029: Ensuring regulatory stability and citizen engagement amidst change to reach the decarbonisation goals efficiently
The Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER) Strategy for 2026-2029, entitled “Ensuring regulatory stability and citizen engagement amidst change to reach the decarbonisation goals efficiently...
Cross Sectoral
Guidelines of Good Practice on the Regulatory Decision-Making Process
Introduction
High-quality regulation depends on structured, transparent, and evidence-based decision-making. As energy systems become more complex and the energy transition accelerates, National Re...
Electricity
Rewarding Flexibility: How retail contract choice can help unlock consumer flexibility
What is it about?
ACER and CEER’s 2025 retail monitoring report analyses how retail electricity market can contribute to unlocking consumer flexibility in the context of the energy transition.
C...
Gas
NRAs’ Reflections on Enabling the Injection and Access to the Wholesale Market of Biomethane
CEER’s latest report, Regulators’ Reflections on Enabling the Injection and Access to the Wholesale Market of Biomethane, provides an overview of how nine EU Member States are implementing key pro...
Electricity
NRAs’ Approach to DSO Flexibility Procurement, Justifications for Derogations from Article 32
Introduction
CEER has published its latest report on NRAs’ Approach to DSO Flexibility Procurement, Justifications for Derogations from Article 32 of the Electricity Directive (EU 2019/944). The...
Cross Sectoral
NRA Oversight on Electricity Transmission Grid Development and Investment
Introduction
CEER has published its latest report on NRA Oversight on Electricity Transmission Grid Development and Investment, providing a comprehensive overview of how National Regulatory Authoriti...
Customers
Handbook for National Energy Regulators — How to Assess Retail Market Functioning
Introduction
This document presents a first review of the metrics in CEER's 2017 Handbook for National Energy Regulators in light of the implementation of the Clean Energy for All Europeans Package (...
Electricity
ACER-CEER guidance on Electricity Distribution Planning
Future-ready grids: CEER and ACER set out blueprint for distribution planning
Europe’s clean energy shift is accelerating, and distribution networks must become more modern, flexible and resilient...
Electricity
Status Review of Renewable Support Schemes in Europe for 2022 and 2023
IntroductionCEER has released its latest Status Review of Renewable Support Schemes in Europe, offering an in-depth overview of how electricity from renewable energy sources (RES) was supported in 202...
Cross Sectoral
Independence in Action – Sharing Lessons Across Borders
Background
Regulatory independence is often viewed narrowly, focusing mainly on European Union (EU) legislation. However, independence is shaped by many factors, including rulings by EU and national...
Cross Sectoral
CEER Timeline History Infographic
In 2025, CEER celebrates 25 years since its founding by ten national energy regulators. Over the past two and a half decades, CEER has played a key role in supporting energy market liberalisation, str...
Electricity
CEER Paper on Incentives in Regulatory Frameworks with a Focus on OPEX/CAPEX Neutrality
The EU’s climate and energy goals are accelerating electrification across sectors, requiring a major expansion of fossil-free generation and grid infrastructure. EU initiatives such as Fit for 55, R...
Cross Sectoral
CEER’s Respond to DG FISMA Consultation on Commodity and Spot Energy Markets
The Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER) welcomes the opportunity to respond to the DG FISMA public consultation on commodity derivatives markets. The Consultation covers a broad array of topi...
Cross Sectoral
Regulatory and Consumer Considerations for Decentralised Energy Opportunities
Introduction
The rapid growth of renewables and the increasing electrification of consumption are transforming the energy landscape, bringing both challenges and opportunities for consumers and regul...
Gas
How to Implement the Gas Package in Relation to LNG Issues
Introduction
The CEER Report on How to Implement the Gas Package in Relation to LNG Issues seeks to analyse the different possibilities for the implementation of the gas decarbonization package in re...
Electricity
3rd CEER Report on Power Losses
Introduction
This CEER Report examines power losses in European electricity grids, building on previous reports from 2017 and 2020. It analyses definitions, calculations, procurement, and regulatory...
Cross Sectoral
Report on Regulatory Frameworks for European Energy Networks 2024
The CEER Report on Regulatory Frameworks for European Energy Networks 2024 provides an annual overview of regulatory systems for electricity and gas networks at both TSO and DSO levels, including CEER...
Gas
TSO Cost Efficiency Benchmark TCB21- Model Specification Gas
The TSO Cost Efficiency Benchmark (TCB21) assesses the cost efficiency of gas and electricity Transmission System Operators (TSOs) across Europe. Initiated by the CEER in 2021 and concluded in 2024, t...
Electricity
TSO Cost Efficiency Benchmark TCB21- Model Specification Electricity
The TSO Cost Efficiency Benchmark (TCB21) assesses the cost efficiency of gas and electricity Transmission System Operators (TSOs) across Europe. Initiated by the CEER in 2021 and concluded in 2024, t...