Reports
Gas
NRAs’ Reflections on Enabling the Injection and Access to the Wholesale Market of Biomethane
CEER’s latest report, Regulators’ Reflections on Enabling the Injection and Access to the Wholesale Market of Biomethane, provides an overview of how nine EU Member States are implementing key pro...
Electricity
NRAs’ Approach to DSO Flexibility Procurement, Justifications for Derogations from Article 32
Introduction
CEER has published its latest report on NRAs’ Approach to DSO Flexibility Procurement, Justifications for Derogations from Article 32 of the Electricity Directive (EU 2019/944). The...
Cross Sectoral
NRA Oversight on Electricity Transmission Grid Development and Investment
Introduction
CEER has published its latest report on NRA Oversight on Electricity Transmission Grid Development and Investment, providing a comprehensive overview of how National Regulatory Authoriti...
Customers
Handbook for National Energy Regulators — How to Assess Retail Market Functioning
Introduction
This document presents a first review of the metrics in CEER's 2017 Handbook for National Energy Regulators in light of the implementation of the Clean Energy for All Europeans Package (...
Electricity
Status Review of Renewable Support Schemes in Europe for 2022 and 2023
IntroductionCEER has released its latest Status Review of Renewable Support Schemes in Europe, offering an in-depth overview of how electricity from renewable energy sources (RES) was supported in 202...
Cross Sectoral
Independence in Action – Sharing Lessons Across Borders
Background
Regulatory independence is often viewed narrowly, focusing mainly on European Union (EU) legislation. However, independence is shaped by many factors, including rulings by EU and national...
Electricity
CEER Paper on Incentives in Regulatory Frameworks with a Focus on OPEX/CAPEX Neutrality
The EU’s climate and energy goals are accelerating electrification across sectors, requiring a major expansion of fossil-free generation and grid infrastructure. EU initiatives such as Fit for 55, R...
Cross Sectoral
Regulatory and Consumer Considerations for Decentralised Energy Opportunities
Introduction
The rapid growth of renewables and the increasing electrification of consumption are transforming the energy landscape, bringing both challenges and opportunities for consumers and regul...
Gas
How to Implement the Gas Package in Relation to LNG Issues
Introduction
The CEER Report on How to Implement the Gas Package in Relation to LNG Issues seeks to analyse the different possibilities for the implementation of the gas decarbonization package in re...
Electricity
3rd CEER Report on Power Losses
Introduction
This CEER Report examines power losses in European electricity grids, building on previous reports from 2017 and 2020. It analyses definitions, calculations, procurement, and regulatory...
Cross Sectoral
Report on Regulatory Frameworks for European Energy Networks 2024
The CEER Report on Regulatory Frameworks for European Energy Networks 2024 provides an annual overview of regulatory systems for electricity and gas networks at both TSO and DSO levels, including CEER...
Gas
TSO Cost Efficiency Benchmark TCB21- Model Specification Gas
The TSO Cost Efficiency Benchmark (TCB21) assesses the cost efficiency of gas and electricity Transmission System Operators (TSOs) across Europe. Initiated by the CEER in 2021 and concluded in 2024, t...
Electricity
TSO Cost Efficiency Benchmark TCB21- Model Specification Electricity
The TSO Cost Efficiency Benchmark (TCB21) assesses the cost efficiency of gas and electricity Transmission System Operators (TSOs) across Europe. Initiated by the CEER in 2021 and concluded in 2024, t...
Customers
Use of prudential regulation mechanisms to promote effective supplier risk management in the energy sector
Context
The energy crisis has severely impacted energy suppliers due to financial strain and inadequately defined hedging strategies. This situation highlights the need for reliable supplier mechanis...
Electricity
Impact of high market prices on renewables
This CEER Report aims to provide some insight into how high market prices affected supported RES in Europe. It seeks to determine whether there was the option for supported RES to leave any given supp...
Cross Sectoral
How NRA independence is safeguarded as NRA competences keep expanding
This report investigates how national regulatory authorities (NRAs) maintain their independence within national legal and institutional frameworks as they execute their tasks in the energy field and i...
Customers
Beyond the Crisis: Consumer protection and market measures for better functioning markets
This report focuses on the national measures that were implemented across Europe to address the challenges posed by the energy crisis to both consumers and market participants. It provides reflections...
Electricity
CEER Paper on DSO Data Exchange Relating to Flexibility and NRAs’ Role
This CEER Paper on DSO data exchange relating to flexibility and NRAs’ role (C23-DS-87-03) provides information on the existing flexibility related data exchange that DSOs are involved with and iden...
Cross Sectoral
Status review TSO/DSO unbundling – Update on implementation of TSO and DSO Unbundling Provisions & “Hydrogen and Decarbonised Gas Markets Package” Outlook
This Status Review assesses the status of DSO and TSO unbundling, highlighting new developments since summer 2018 regarding the implementation of the rules introduced by the Clean Energy Package and g...
Gas
ACER-CEER Consultancy study on the impact of the measures included in the EU and National Gas Storage Regulations
ACER and CEER commissioned a consultancy (VIS Economic & Energy Consultants) to analyse the measures adopted by Member States to strengthen the use of underground storage facilities in the EU and...
Cross Sectoral
Report on Regulatory Frameworks for European Energy Networks 2023
This report provides a general overview of the regulatory regimes applied in 2023 and the required efficiency developments. It analyses the overall determination of capital costs of CEER Members plus...
Gas
The Influence of New LNG Terminals on the Future EU Energy Market
This report looks at the impact of the new LNG terminals on the future EU energy market. It is based on the analysis of the LNG import, storage and regasification existing capacities, the recently com...
Cross Sectoral
What Regulators Stood for in the Second Half of 2023
The paper offers a snapshot of energy regulators’ priorities and focus during the second half of 2023. It points to key trends that emerged during that period. The aim is to provide an overview of o...
Electricity
Status Review of Renewable Support Schemes in Europe for 2020 and 2021
This CEER Status Review of Renewable Support Schemes in Europe for 2020 and 2021 (C22-RES-80-04) collects comparable data on support for RES in Europe in order to provide policymakers, regulators and...